Aristotelian Argument Format
Introduction
(includes one or more of the following)
- Exordium: The beginning or opening words, designed to win attention and good will by introducing the case in
an interesting and favorable light.
- Exposition or Narration: An account of the history of the case (what gave rise to the present problem; how
the issues developed)
- Direct statement of the case (the proposition to be proved or defended--thesis).
- Division of Proofs: An outline of how the writer will present the evidence
Body
(includes the following)
- Confirmation of case by presenting evidence in its favor (includes one or more of the following):
- facts
- reasons
- statistics
- testimony of experts
- opinions supported by facts
- reports
- examples
- logical reasoning (inductive or deductive)
- analogy
- Acknowledge merit of opposing view
- Refutation of opposing views by demonstrating that they are:
- untrue
- illogical
- self-contradictory
- ambiguous (terms not clearly defined)
- dishonest ( a deliberate attempt to deceive)
- absurd
Conclusion
(includes one or more of the following)
- Recapitulation and summary of argument: to repeat is to reinforce and make certain readers have not misunderstood.
- Peroration: A final, heightened appeal for support.
- Propose a solution.