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SCED 392: SCIENCE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION  Spring, 2009

 

I.          INSTRUCTOR

 

            Paul J. Bischoff

            Office: Human Ecology-224

            Phone: 436-2613

            e-mail: bischopj@oneonta.edu

 

Department Policy states that a grade of B- or better is required in this course to be eligible for student teaching.

II.        COURSE DESCRIPTION

 

Presents a variety of instructional strategies for teaching secondary science (7-12). Course includes discussions of topics as the history and philosophy of science, curriculum and assessment at the secondary level, middle school philosophy and organization, classroom management strategies, application of technology to effective instruction, diversity and exceptionality issues in science lectures and labs, constructivism and student misconceptions, learner reflectivity, professional leadership and service learning.

 

III.       RATIONALE

 

The goal of this course, to help prepare pre-service middle school and secondary science teachers for the world of classroom teaching, reflects the expectations of the National Science Education Standards, the National Science Teachers Associations’ Standards for Science Teacher preparation and the New York State Learning Standards for Mathematics, Science and Technology. Recognizing the national need for qualified science teachers and the current reform initiatives in secondary science education, this course will emphasize the development of participants’ pedagogical-content knowledge such that they will be capable of successfully facilitating the construction of scientific knowledge to all students in today’s diverse classrooms. In this course students explore conceptions about learners, learning, teaching, science, schooling and assessment, and especially the connections among all of these. Current epistemology, described as constructivist views of learning and the nature of science knowledge, is explored in depth, and personal conceptions are also explored in depth. The NSTA performance Standards Addressed by this course are:

 

 

Attendance Policy-Students are expected to attend and participate in each class. Missing 2-classes for any reason will result in a grade reduction of one full letter grade. Each absence beyond 2 will also result in a full-letter grade reduction.

 

 

*Rubrics for assessing candidates performance on each of these standards is attached at bottom of this syllabus.

 

Standard 2 Nature of Science

2. a. Know and understand the philosophical nature of science and the nature of scientific explanations.

2. b. Engage K-12 students effectively in studies of the nature of science and conventions of scientific explanations.

 

Standard 3 Inquiry

3. a. Know and understand scientific inquiry and its relationship to the development of scientific knowledge

3. b. Engage K-12 students effectively in scientific inquiry appropriate for their grade level and abilities.

 

Standard 4 Context of Science

4. a. Know and understand the relationship of science to other human values and endeavors.

4. 4.b.  Engage K-12 students effectively in the study of the relationship of science to other human values and endeavors.

4.c. Relate science to the personal lives, needs and interests of K-12 students.

 

5.a.  Use diverse and effective actions, strategies and methodologies to teach science.

5.b.  Interact effectively with K-12 students to promote learning and demonstrate student achievement.

5.c.  Organize and manage science activities effectively in different student groupings.

5.d.  Use advanced technology to teach K-12 students science.

5.e.  Use prior conceptions and K-12 student interests to promote learning.

 

Standard 6 Curriculum

6.a.  Develop coherent, meaningful goals, plans, and materials and find resources.

6.b.  Relate plans and resources to professionally-developed state and national standards, including the National Science Education Standards.

6.b.  Relate plans and resources to professionally-developed state and national standards, including the National Science Education Standards.

 

Standard 7 Social Context

7.a.  Know and understand the values and needs of the community and their effect on the teaching and learning of science.

7.b.  Use community human and institutional resources to advance the learning of science in the classroom and field.

 

Standard 8 Assessment

8.a. Align science goals, instruction and outcomes.

8.b.  Know and use a variety of contemporary science assessment strategies to determine preK-12 student needs and levels of learning and  development.

8.c.  Use assessment appropriately to determine, guide and change science instruction.

 

Standard 10 Professional Practice

10.a.  Know and participate in professional organizations and activities of the science education community beyond the classroom.

10.b.  Behave ethically and in best interests of preK-12 students and the community.

10.c.  Engage in reflective practices and make continuous efforts to improve in practice.

10.d. Work willingly with peers, supervisors and others in a professional manner.

 

 

IV.       COURSE OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

 

The course objectives and outcomes are tightly aligned with the NSTA Standards for Science Teacher Education and the SUNY College at Oneonta Conceptual Framework.

 

As a result of participation in this course, students in SCED 392 will be able to:

 

  1. Apply understandings from program requirements to the field of science teaching

[NSTA Standards 1-8 and 10]

 

2.  Design and teach several science lessons in a variety of secondary classroom settings, using clinical/ experiences to connect discipline content with middle and high school practice [NSTA Standard 2; CF 1.II.A.2]

 

  1. Demonstrate an understanding of constructivist theory, and pedagogical-content

knowledge, as applied to science teaching [NSTA Standards 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10; CF 1.II.B]

 

  1. Devise evaluation instruments that will reflect an understanding of content as well

as test and measure concepts [NSTA Standard 8; CF 1.II.C, 3.11.A,B]

 

  1. Read and report on current issues in science education [NSTA Standard 10; CF1.III.A]

 

6.       Demonstrate knowledge of and ability to use a wide variety of classroom materials, including technologies and laboratories as well as traditional text based materials [NSTA Standards 1, 5, 6, 7 and 10; CF 3.1.B]

 

7.        Demonstrate knowledge of and an ability to use a variety of teaching strategies and skills, including multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches [NSTA Standard 5, and 6; CF 4.1.A]

 

8.        Demonstrate ability to work cooperatively in solving group problems and plan for diverse, heterogeneous classrooms [NSTA Standards 5 and 9; CF 4.1.A]

 

9.      Demonstrate an understanding of the multicultural nature of science curriculum and classrooms [NSTA Standards 2, 3 and 9; CF 4

 

10.  Demonstrate communication skills required in science teaching, reading, writing, listening, and speaking [NSTA Standard 5; CF1.1.B]

 

11.  Translate knowledge and data gathering processes into appropriate and meaningful science experiences for students [NSTA Standards 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8]

 

  1. Select and use various models for teaching about controversial, problematic and value-oriented issues [NSTA Standards 2, 3, 5, 6]

 

13.  Apply current research findings about teaching and learning to the development and application of teaching strategies for culturally and linguistically diverse populations, students of different ages and students with exceptionalities [NSTA Standards 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8]

 

  1. Critically analyze and adapt existing materials and technology [NSTA 5 and 6]

 

15.  Articulates long-term and short-term planning strategies that show an understanding of standards. [NSTA Standards 1-10]

 

 

V.        COURSE TOPICS

 

The major topics that will be covered in this course are:

  1. Science instruction as related to biological, earth and physical sciences.
  2. Technology in the classroom and instruction.
  3. New York State and National Standards in science education.
  4. Learning and child/adolescent development theories and science education.
  5. Diversity issues related to science instruction, including gender differences, multiculturalism, and exceptionality.
  6. Assessment.
  7. Collaboration and community/school involvement.
  8. Trends and issues in science education.
  1. Professional development, professional ethics, intellectual vitality, life-long learning.
  2. Science teaching and inquiry.
  3. How students learn science.
  4. The status of student learning in science.
  5. Trends in science achievement.
  6. Trends in student attitudes towards science.
  7. Theories of how students learn: a. Behavioral theories; b. Cognitive theories; c. Constructivist learning theories.
  8. The goals and history of science education.
  9. Middle school curriculum patterns and programs.
  10. High school curriculum patterns and programs.
  11. Models of science teaching
  12. Strategies fostering thinking in the science classroom.
  13. Designing and assessing science units and courses of study.
  14. Facilitating learning in the science classroom.

 

 

VI.       INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS AND ACTIVITIES:

Instructional methods and activities of this course fall within the following categories:

a.       Traditional Experiences: lecture/discussion, demonstrations, and written assignments.

b.      Clinical Experiences: cooperative groups, student demonstrations and or

presentations.

c.       Field Experience: field teaching, classroom observations.

VII.     EVALUATION AND GRADE ASSIGNMENT         

 

 

 

 

SCED 392: SCIENCE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION

RUBRIC FOR ASSESSING COURSE WORK

 

Rubric #13 and or guide to assignments for SCED 392. Some items have discriminatory levels, others are descriptions of assignments.

 

NSTA STANDARD

Description of Class Requirements. Develop a hard copy portfolio where the first item is Block 1 and continuing through. Submit the work on or before the due date. I will grade the work and you can then put it back into your developing portfolio. .

 Due Dates

Grade Point Values

Block 1.

2. a. Know and understand the philosophical nature of science (NOS) and the nature of scientific explanations.

Make a semantic network model outlining your understanding of NOS. Provide a  narrative explanation for the main elements of the model. Cite at least 3 resources used to generate the model. 

science for all Americans, chapters. 1, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13. also library search on NOS and Earth Science 2 articles.

 

 

Due, 9/16

50

Block 2

.2. b. Engage K-12 students effectively in studies of the nature of science and conventions of scientific explanations.

Actually teach 3 NOS focused lessons.  Be sure to clearly identify why this lesson is NOS. There should be at least one NOS specific objective. What are the special NOS features?  Include a  reflective narrative. How could you modify the lesson to increase the focus on NOS? Follow the lesson plan format provided for all lessons developed in this course. 1st due on or before 9/30

2nd  due 10/21

3rd due 11/18

25 points each

75 points total

Block 3

3. a. Know and understand scientific inquiry and its relationship to the development of scientific knowledge

Revisit what you know about Inquiry by reading and citing three sources on the topic. Make a model similar to that in Block 1 above summarizing what you know about the topic. Inquiry chapters, 2 texts.  

Due 9/30

25 points

 

Block 4

.3. b. Engage K-12 students effectively in scientific inquiry appropriate for their grade level and abilities.

 

Actually teach 3 inquiry focused lesson plans. Include a  reflective narrative. Be sure to clearly identify why this lesson is Inquiry. What are the special inquiry features, how could you modify the lesson to increase the focus on inquiry? Have at least one inquiry specific learning objective.

1st due 10/7

2nd due 11/4

3rd due due 12/2

75

 

Block 5

.4. a. Know and understand the relationship of science to other human values and endeavors.

 Review the Performance Indicators of the New York Science Curriculum for your content area. Select about 10 PIs. Under each of those 10 describe what you could do in a classroom to help students learn the objective and its connection to how to "human values and endeavors".

 

 

Due 10/28

25

 

Block 6

4. b.  Engage K-12 students effectively in the study of the relationship of science to other human values and endeavors.

Develop and teach 3 or more lesson addressing this standard. Provide reflective narrative. Be sure to clearly identify why this lesson is science and human values and endeavors. What are the special features, how could you modify the lesson to increase the focus on human values and endeavors? 1st due 10/14

2nd due 11/11

3rd due 12/2

75

Block 7

.4.c. Relate science to the personal lives, needs and interests of K-12 students.

Make a 2-column Table that you bring with you to your field placement each visit. Label the first column "observations of connections to students needs and interests" and the second column "how it happened in the context of the lesson" Bring this table to each class.  Due 12/9

25

Block 8

.5.a.  Use diverse and effective actions, strategies and methodologies to teach science.

Another Table. This time 3-columns. 1st column is "action, strategy or methodology used" 2nd column is "Rationale" 3rd column is how did it work (reflection). There are 10 entries on this table, one for each lesson you teach during this course. Bring this table to each class. Due 12/11

25

Block 9

.5.b.  Interact effectively with K-12 students to promote learning and demonstrate student achievement.

Every lesson plan that you create needs an assessment plan. The assessments need to be aligned with the written objectives. To help you improve your ability to write objectives and align them with assessments please make a summary table like this by reviewing each lesson you teach.
Objective: Assessment Plan Assessment Data and Comment
     

This will be checked 3 times during the semester and you will earn between 0 and 10 points each time. 10/7; 11/4 and 12/9. Total 30 points.

Block 10. Management strategies Create another table with columns. 1st column is management issue, 2nd is strategy to deal with it, 3rd is how did it work.

you should have about 10 entries for this table. Bring this table to each class.

Due 12/9

25

Block 11

.5.d.  Use advanced technology to teach K-12 students science.

Another Table. Column 1: technology used, 2-why this technology was used; column 3 is reflection on its effectiveness. Due 12/9

25

Block 12

.5.e.  Use prior conceptions and K-12 student interests to promote learning.

Part 1: Examine the first 3 lessons you taught during the semester. Describe what you did to mobilize background knowledge to further the assimilation of new information into existing cognitive structures. Then, describe in writing how you can improve this process and set these as goals.  Part 2: Describe how you met the goals in the next 3 lessons you taught. Part 1 Due 11/4 (10 points)

Part 2 Due 12/2  (10-points)

20 total.

 

Block 13

.6.b.  Relate plans and resources to professionally-developed state and national standards, including the National Science Education Standards.

Follow the lesson plan format in the student teaching manual which requires State  Science Education Standards. All lessons

25

 

Block 14

.7.a.  Know and understand the values and needs of the community and their effect on the teaching and learning of science.

This is about the "context of science instruction".  Classrooms can be described as inner city, rural, multicultural, wealthy, poor and others. Your task here is to describe the context of the class you are working in. Consider factors such as individual differences, the goals of the class, equipment and arrangement, the tone of the class, scheduling, technology availability, resources, languages. Describe the class you are working in to the best of your ability in a few paragraphs. Then, describe the role this environment plays in how you teach, and how they learn. Due 9/28

25   

 
 

 

Block 15

.8.a. Align science goals, instruction and outcomes.

.8.b.  Know and use a variety of contemporary science assessment strategies to determine preK-12 student needs and levels of learning and  development.

8.c.  Use assessment appropriately to determine, guide and change science instruction.

 

Assessment Task

Task 1: Some science learning outcomes can be measured with tests and laboratory reports. Other science skills, like the ability to communicate, ability to design a study to address a hypothesis, ability to collect and analyze data, and the ability to modify personal thinking based on empirical evidence are more difficult to assess. Your first task is to create a rubric useful in measuring some of these "hard to get at" but important learning outcomes.

 

Choose 1 student in the class you are visiting as a focus student. Observe the student for 3 lessons and score the student on the rubric you have made. So you should have 3 rubrics scored.

 

 

Task 2: Teach the lessons that are required for this course. While you are planning these lessons and teaching remember what you learned from the pre-assessment rubric and work towards improving the student's performance.

 

Task 3: Reapply the same rubrics to the same students. In writing describe what learning appeared to occur of not occur and describe why you believe this to be so. 

 

 

 

Due 11/27

50 points.

 

 

    total points for the rubric is 550.

 

B. Field Experience

 

Students will be scheduled to complete science education field experience in local schools on a regular basis. Students who do not completely fulfill the field requirements are at serious risk of failing the course. Furthermore, you may fail the course if the report from the cooperating teacher raises serious concerns about your professionalism.

 

Requirements Are:

 

 

Points and Grade Assignments: Department Policy states that a grade of B- or better is required in this course to be eligible for student teaching.

The items in the rubric above total 575 points. 

An additional score of 50 points is reserved for professionalism in class. Factors such as attendance, being on time, participation, energy and creativity will be considered.

The total course is based on 625 points.

95-100

A

90-94.9

A-

 87-89.9

B+

 84-86.9

B

 80-83.9

B-

 77-77.9

C+

74-76.9

C

 70-73.9

C-

 

65-69.9

D

65

E

 

 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

References for Further Reading

 

American Association for the Advancement of Science: Project 2061. Science for All Americans. 1990. New York, N.Y. Oxford University Press.

 

Bereiter, C., and M. Scardamalia. 1989. Intentional learning as a goal of instruction. In Knowing, Learning, and Instruction: Essays in Honor of Robert Glaser, L.B. Resnick, ed.: 361-392. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.

 

Brown, A. 1994.The advancement of learning. Presidential Address, American Educational Research Association. Educational Researcher, 23: 4-12.

 

Brown, A.L., and J.C. Campione. 1994. Guided discovery in a community of learners. In Classroom Lessons: Integrating Cognitive Theory and Classroom Practice, K. McGilly, ed.: 229-270. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

 

Bruer, J.T. 1993. Schools for Thought: A Science of Learning in the Classroom. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

 

Carey, S. 1985. Conceptual Change in Childhood. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

 

Carey, S., and R. Gelman, eds. 1991. The Epigenesis of Mind: Essays on Biology and Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.

 

Champagne, A.B. 1988. Science Teaching: Making the System Work. In This Year in School Science 1988: Papers from the Forum for School Science. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science.

 

Cohen, D.K., M.W. McLaughlin, and J.E. Talbert, eds. 1993. Teaching for Understanding: Challenges for Policy and Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

 

Darling-Hammond, L. 1992. Standards of Practice for Learner Centered Schools. New York: National Center for Restructuring Schools and Learning.

 

Harlen, W. 1992. The Teaching of Science. London: David Fulton Publishers.

 

Hassard, J. 1992. Minds on Science: Middle and Secondary School Methods. New York, N.Y: Harper Collins Publishers.

    

Leinhardt, G. 1993. On Teaching. In Advances in Instructional Psychology, R. Glaser ed., vol.4: 1-54. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.

 

Loucks-Horsley, S., J.G. Brooks, M.O. Carlson, P. Kuerbis, D.P. Marsh, M. Padilla, H. Pratt, and K.L. Smith. 1990. Developing and Supporting Teachers for Science Education in the Middle Years. Andover, MA: The National Center for Improving Science Education.

 

Loucks-Horsley, S., M.O. Carlson, L.H. Brink, P. Horwitz, D.P. Marsh, H. Pratt, K.R. Roy, and K. Worth. 1989. Developing and Supporting Teachers for Elementary School Science Education. Andover, MA: The National Center for Improving Science Education.

 

McGilly, K., ed. 1994. Classroom Lessons: Integrating Cognitive Theory and Classroom Practice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

 

NBPTS (National Board for Professional Teaching Standards). 1991. Toward High and Rigorous Standards for the Teaching Profession: Initial Policies and Perspectives of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, 3rd ed. Detroit, MI: NBPTS.

 

NCTM (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics). 1991. Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM.

 

NRC (National Research Council). 1994. Learning, Remembering, Believing: Enhancing Human Performance, D. Druckman and R.A. Bjork, eds. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

 

NRC (National Research Council). 1990. Fulfilling the Promise: Biology Education in the Nation's Schools. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

 

NRC (National Research Council). 1987. Education and Learning to Think, L.B. Resnick, ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

 

Schoen, D. 1987. Educating the Reflective Practitioner: Toward a New Design for Teaching and Learning in the Professions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

 

Shulman, L.S. 1987. Knowledge and teaching foundations of the new reform. Harvard Education Review, 57 (1): 1-22

 

 

Important Web Sites:

 

http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/html/overview.html

 

http://www.msu.edu/~haasdona/NSTA_AETS.htm#

 

Map of NSTA Standards for Science Teacher Education

 

http://content.tier.net/stanys/Curricula/stanys_curriculum_development.htm

 

http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/biology-about.htm

 

http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/edocs/education/exams/biology.htm

 

http://nces.ed.gov/timss/