What is required for a molecule to be polar? ...nonpolar ? ...a dipole?

What substances are hydrophilic? Which are hydrophobic and why?

Are there molecules that are both? For what are they used? What is a micelle?

What is a hydrogen bond? ...a van der Wääls bond (interaction)? ...a hydrophobic interaction?

If water has an average of 3.4 hydrogen bonds/molecule and ice has 3.9, why is water liquid? Of what importance is the fact that ice is less dense that liquid water? Is this normal? What else is unusual about water?

How does a salt dissolve in water? ...a sugar? ...a fatty acid?

What is unusual about the physical properties (boiling point, freezing pt., density etc.) of water? Why are they unusual?

Why is osmosis important to cells? How do they regulate it?  How could you use osmotic pressure to differentiate 0.1 M NaCl from 0.1 M sugar?

Define an acid and a base (The text is wrong. No molecule "donates" or "accepts" anything. One removes something from another. OK?)

How does a strong acid differ from a weak one?

What does the equation pH = - log [H⁺] mean?

Diagram the pH scale. When does the pH = the pKa'?

What is a buffer, and what does buffering capacity mean? How is blood buffered?

End of chapter 2. review questions 3-5. 8-11. 13.-15. 17. 20. 25. 31. 32. 37. 41. 50.

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