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What are the major polymers in cells? (amino acids » proteins, nucleotides » nucleic acids, sugars » polysaccharides, isoprene » simple lipids).

What is a major function of each class of molecules in cells?

Define chemistry, a gene and heredity. How are they related?

Historically, how did classical genetics and biochemistry lead to molecular biology (genetics)?

Diagram the Central Dogma of Watson & Crick.
Where do each of the major types of macromolecules fit in it?

What are catalysts? Which came first, DNA, RNA or protein?

What is the genetic code? What two types of macromolecule are involved?

Who is a heterotroph and an autotroph? Which came first? What happened when photosynthesis evolved?

How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes? How are they similar?

Develop a diagram showing how eukaryotes, prokaryotes, archaebacteria, mitochondria, eubacteria, cyanobacteria, plants, animals, fungi, protists and chloroplasts are related.

Diagram the hierarchy of organization required to go from simple molecules like amino acids and sugars to an organism like a human being.

What are functional groups in biochemistry? Which are vital to the structure of each category of small, building blocks in cells? In other words, which are found in sugars, fatty acids, amino acids and nucleotides?

What three cellular shapes occur in prokaryotes?

List as many organelles or structures as you can in a typical prokaryote, and match each with a function.

Match a function with each of the major organelles in a plant or animal cell diagram.

What is the fluid mosaic model, and what structure has this?

How do materials get into cells? How do they get out? What structures/organelles are involved?

How did mitochondria and chloroplasts evolve? Are cilia similar? What is the endosymbiont theory of organelle evolution?

How are the structures of mitochondria and chloroplasts similar? Why are they similar? How do they differ?

What substances are hydrophilic? Which are hydrophobic and why?

Are there molecules that are both? For what are they used? What is a micelle?

What is a hydrogen bond? ...a van der Wääls bond (interaction)? ...a hydrophobic interaction?

If water has an average of 3.4 hydrogen bonds/molecule and ice has 3.9, why is water liquid? Of what importance is the fact that ice is less dense that liquid water? Is this normal? What else is unusual about water?

How does a salt dissolve in water? ...a sugar? ...a fatty acid?

What is unusual about the physical properties (boiling point, freezing pt., density etc.) of water? Why are they unusual?

Define an acid and a base (The text is wrong. No molecule "donates" or "accepts" anything. One removes something from another. OK?)

How does a strong acid differ from a weak one?

What does the equation pH = - log [H⁺] mean?

Diagram the pH scale. When does the pH = the pKa'?

What is a buffer, and what does buffering capacity mean? How is blood buffered?

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  Last Modified on 1/10/2003